- Ancient History, Greek Epigraphy, Hellenistic History, Prosopography, Demotic (Languages And Linguistics), Onomastics, and 22 moreDepartment of Ancient History, Archaeology, Social History, Early Christianity, Egyptology, New Testament, Lexicography, Greek Papyrology, History of the Family, New Testament Textual Criticism, Roman Egypt, Ptolemaic Egyptian History, Greek Palaeography, Beer and Brewery History, Greco-Roman Religions, Codicology, Hellenistic and Roman Asia Minor, Graeco-Roman Egypt, Early Christian Papyri and Inscriptions, Demotic, Coptic Studies, and Ptolemaic and Roman Egyptedit
- born in Leke (Belgium) in 1947edit
Research Interests:
Study of personal names derived from Greek literature and appearing in papyri and inscriptions from Egypt during the Greco-Roman period : names of famous authors like Homer, Demosthenes or Isokrates, and names of heroes like Achilleus (by... more
Study of personal names derived from Greek literature and appearing in papyri and inscriptions from Egypt during the Greco-Roman period : names of famous authors like Homer, Demosthenes or Isokrates, and names of heroes like Achilleus (by far the most popular literary name), Patroklos, Nestor and Priam. Some of these names are ordinary Greek names in the Hellenistic period, but then disappear in the Roman pe- riod to return as literary names with the rise of classical culture within the Greek elites during the second sophistic. Some are, unexpectedly, accepted in Egyptian mi- lieux, e.g. Hektor and Laertes in early Roman Philadelphia.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
survey of literary papyri found in documentary archives, from the Ptolemaic up to the Byzantine period
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Petition by an Egyptian woman to the king concerning an argument at the beer shop in the Arsinoite village of Memphis (recto); fragmentary report about a murder case (verso)
In the documentary papyri the name of the 29th dynasty pharaoh Nephorites is always rendered with an omikron in the second syllable. This renders the w in the name N3y=f-cw-rd. In the Mendesian nome, which was the base of the 29th... more
In the documentary papyri the name of the 29th dynasty pharaoh Nephorites is always rendered with an omikron in the second syllable. This renders the w in the name N3y=f-cw-rd. In the Mendesian nome, which was the base of the 29th dynasty, the name remains popular until the Roman period.
Research Interests:
Examples of the use of bilingual documents
Research Interests:
Notes on three aspects of the Zenon papyri : museum archaeology, the voyage of Doris and the hand of Zenon
Research Interests:
ABSTRACT Publication of some fifty tax list, in Greek and demotic, in which the population of Egypt is counted by occupation and family and by house. With a historical study of the population and taxation in third and second century BC... more
ABSTRACT Publication of some fifty tax list, in Greek and demotic, in which the population of Egypt is counted by occupation and family and by house. With a historical study of the population and taxation in third and second century BC Egypt.
Christians in the 3rd and 4th centuries ADform a separate social group and this is visible in the names they give to their children : though Christians also use traditional names, part of their names are typical of the group
Research Interests:
Introduction to an oldline database containing about 1500 papyrological ghostnames. The introduction contains a typology of errors made by papyrus editors
Research Interests:
edition of a Greek tax receipt on an ostracon found in the valley of the Kings. the banker Philotas may be acting as sitologos one year later and the text is interesting for the relation between the bank and the granary-bank immediately... more
edition of a Greek tax receipt on an ostracon found in the valley of the Kings. the banker Philotas may be acting as sitologos one year later and the text is interesting for the relation between the bank and the granary-bank immediately after the invasion of Antiochos.
Research Interests:
The sources Our main source of information are papyri, thousands of which were found in houses, tombs and rubbish dumps, mainly in Middle Egypt, the Fayum and the Roman camps in the eastern desert. Information on eating and drinking is... more
The sources Our main source of information are papyri, thousands of which were found in houses, tombs and rubbish dumps, mainly in Middle Egypt, the Fayum and the Roman camps in the eastern desert. Information on eating and drinking is especially frequent in private letters and household and travelling accounts. Up to the late twentieth century, digging in Egypt was concentrated on finding papyri; other finds, such as bones or grains, were usually neglected. Recent excavations take account not only of animal and vegetal remains, but also of human bones, where the study of stable isotopes allows reconstruction of dietary patterns. 1 The archaeological record may be somewhat biased because most of it comes from desert sites, and reflects material imported from the Nile valley.
Research Interests:
The temples visited by tourists nowadays nearly all date from the Ptolemaic and Roman periods, when Egyptian religion was still very much alive. In the great temples traditional religion lived on as before, but at the same time new local... more
The temples visited by tourists nowadays nearly all date from the Ptolemaic and Roman periods, when Egyptian religion was still very much alive. In the great temples traditional religion lived on as before, but at the same time new local forms and local gods came to the fore. Temples were controled by the Ptolemies and even more so by the Romans, but remained rich until the third cent. AD. Egyptian gods could now be represented in a Greek form, animal cults were flourishing as never before and afterlife continued to be maintained by mummification. Only in the later third century did monotheistic religions get some impact.
Research Interests:
With Alexander the Great thousands of Greek-speaking immigrants entered Egypt, where they enjoyed a high social status and tax privileges. Already in the third century BC some Egyptians got entry into this group and Greeks accepted the... more
With Alexander the Great thousands of Greek-speaking immigrants entered Egypt, where they enjoyed a high social status and tax privileges. Already in the third century BC some Egyptians got entry into this group and Greeks accepted the religion and other customs of their new country, resulting in a double-faced society especially in the administration. The Romans therefore treated all inhabitants of the country as "Egyptians", except citizens of the Alexandria, Ptolemais and Naukratis. In the Byzantine period the term Hellen indicated pagans but also Hellenized christians, who defended classical culture in a christian setting.
Research Interests:
Accounts and lists in ancient papyri often bear a title.Study of the different titles in the papyrus texts and how these same texts were defined by modern editors
Research Interests:
edition of a Greek Ptolemaic papyrus with an administrative account from the small Diopolites nome
Research Interests:
Study of some Greek papyri from the Fayum in the third cent.BC concerning brewers mentioning the same persons as those appearing in the demotic surety documents of the Sorbonne collection
Research Interests:
edition of a Greek school ostracon with four words in alphabetical order
Research Interests:
In Greek filiation is usually indicated by the genitive of the father’s name, in Demotic the father’s name is introduced by a hieroglyphic sign which we read as sȝ “son of”, but waspronounced in fact as pa- “the one of”. This Egyptian... more
In Greek filiation is usually indicated by the genitive of the father’s name, in Demotic the father’s name is introduced by a hieroglyphic sign which we read as sȝ “son of”, but waspronounced in fact as pa- “the one of”. This Egyptian filiation is rendered as πα in a few earlyPtolemaic Greek ostraca and Roman period mummy labels. These constitute rare but interestingexamples of language interference. A possible survivor in Coptic is rather doubtful.
Research Interests:
According to sociologists, the distinction between the sacred and the profane is one of the main characteristics of religion. These two spheres can be demarcated in different ways, for example by building temples or altars reserved for... more
According to sociologists, the distinction between the sacred and the profane is one of the main characteristics of religion. These two spheres can be demarcated in different ways, for example by building temples or altars reserved for cultic activities. Another way of distinguishing ...
Presentation of the archive of Apollonios, strategos of a minor province in Middle Egypt in the time of Trajan and Hadrian. The archive consists of private correspondence with his family in Hermopolis and official documents concerning the... more
Presentation of the archive of Apollonios, strategos of a minor province in Middle Egypt in the time of Trajan and Hadrian. The archive consists of private correspondence with his family in Hermopolis and official documents concerning the Apollonopolites Heptakomias.
Research Interests:
Le musée de la Katoen natie d'anvers abrite une riche collection de textiles anciens, où les pièces égyptiennes occupent une place de premier choix. ces dernières années, les tissus ont fait l'objet d'une exploitation scientifique... more
Le musée de la Katoen natie d'anvers abrite une riche collection de textiles anciens, où les pièces égyptiennes occupent une place de premier choix. ces dernières années, les tissus ont fait l'objet d'une exploitation scientifique exem-plaire : de nombreuses pièces ont été datées au c14, les colorants ont été minu-tieusement analysés (1) et plusieurs colloques internationaux sur les textiles ont été organisés au sein de l'institution (2). Le musée est ainsi devenu un centre renommé, où les visiteurs peuvent découvrir une collection exceptionnelle et ren-contrer des spécialistes de l'histoire du textile et du vêtement. La collection ne se compose cependant pas seulement de tissus. afin de favo-riser la mise en contexte des pièces textiles, la Katoen natie a acquis sur le marché des antiquités divers objets, notamment des antiquités pharaoniques (des cartonnages ou des momies animales), des linceuls avec des textes du Livre des morts (3), une stèle funéraire d'asie Mineure (4), une plaque en terre-cuite de l'évêque Marcianus/Martianus (andalousie, entre 629 et 638 (5)) ainsi que quelques pièces papyrologiques, dont on trouvera un bref catalogue en annexe. (1) Voir notamment a. De Moor et al., 3500 jaar textielkunst (tielt, 2008). (2) a. De Moor & c. Fluck (ed.), Methods of Dating Ancient Textiles of the 1st Millennium AD from Egypt and Neighbouring Countries.
Research Interests: Papyrology and Coptology
Research Interests:
study of letters from the ptolemaic period to the third century AD, written from superiors to subordinates, with examples from the Zenon archive, the Gemellus archive and the Heroninus archive. These letters omit philophronetic formulas... more
study of letters from the ptolemaic period to the third century AD, written from superiors to subordinates, with examples from the Zenon archive, the Gemellus archive and the Heroninus archive. These letters omit philophronetic formulas and use imperatives instead of polite circumscriptions.
Research Interests:
republication of two demotic ostraca listing different parts of the human head in exactly the same order point to the existence of a handbook
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests: Philology, New Testament, Early Christianity, Greek Palaeography, Greek manuscripts, and 9 moreGreek Patristics, History of Reception of Biblical Texts, Ancient Rhetoric and Poetics, Early Christian Papyri and Inscriptions, Greek Manuscripts (Palaeography, Codicology, Text Transmission), Humanism (15th-17th c.), Medieval and Neolatin Texts, Greek (Byzantine) Texts, and Byzantine Diplomatics (Imperial and Patriarchal Chancellery)
Research Interests:
Reedition of a Greek account, edition of a demotic account on the other side
Research Interests:
corrections on several Greek papyri, including some on the weavers of Philadelpheia and on the name Stratippos
Research Interests:
Study of inventories of churches and monasteries, both in Greek and in Coptic.
Research Interests:
Reedition of some Ptolemaic Greek papyri
Research Interests:
In Ptolemaic and Roman Egypt Greek was the official language of the administration, though most people spoke Egyptian. In its written form Egyptian was written with the hieroglyphic script, in its cursive form of Demotic. This gradually... more
In Ptolemaic and Roman Egypt Greek was the official language of the administration, though most people spoke Egyptian. In its written form Egyptian was written with the hieroglyphic script, in its cursive form of Demotic. This gradually disappears in the Roman period, though the spoken language continues underground, until it returns as Coptic written with the Greek alphabet. After the Arab conquest in AD 642 Arabic takes over from Greek and displaces Coptic from about AD 1000. Nowadays Egypt is an unilingual Arabic speaking country and Coptic only survives as a liturgical language in the Christian churches.
Research Interests:
Study of the determinatives in demotic documents following Greek words and Greek personal names.
List of all Greek words in demotic texts, with their determinatives
List of all Greek words in demotic texts, with their determinatives
Research Interests:
Study on the different types of names for villages in Greco-Roman Egypt, and especially in the Fayum (Greek and Egyptian names; villages named after existing towns; villages named after persons)
Research Interests:
Study of the orientation of neighbouring houses and plots of land in Greek documentary papyri.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
New readings for several Ptolemaic papyri in the official correspondence of the toparch Leon
Research Interests:
Study of the personal names Kosmas and Damianus in Greek and Coptic papyri between AD 400 and 800.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
edition of a Greek papyrus in Ghent with a passage of the Sortes of Astrampsychus
Research Interests:
Textual corrections on personal names in several papyri
Research Interests:
Publication of a Demotic account by the undertakers of the village of Hawara, written in 30 BC.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Edition of an early Ptolemaic Greek papyrus, divided over the collections of Michigan and Athens, and dealing with large-scale irrigation works in the Fayum
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
A Jewish family in Thebes pays taxes and receives tax receipts both in Greek and in Demotic in the mid second century BC. Their names in Demotic show that they still speak Aramaic. One of them is perhaps called Jesous (YSH) son of Joseph.
Research Interests:
Edition of a fragmentary Demotic papyrus with a contract of sale of a Greek winery in the Fayum village Sebennytos. The sale has a Greek subscription note.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Edition of a Demotic tax list, probably from the Diospolites Mikra in the Thebaid.
Research Interests:
Study of abbreviations for periods of several months (e.g. hexamenos) and days (e.g. dechemeros) and the treatment of this type of word in the lexica.
Research Interests:
Edition of a Greek tax roll from the Ptolemaic Fayum, mentioning several rare taxes
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Survey of the use of the singular and plural with Greek words for grain. The original plural gives way to the singular in the course of the Hellenistic period, but the plural reappears in the later Roman period for barley, whereas... more
Survey of the use of the singular and plural with Greek words for
grain. The original plural gives way to the singular in the course of
the Hellenistic period, but the plural reappears in the later Roman
period for barley, whereas wheat, for which σῖτος is then used rather than πυρός, occurs in the singular. There are, however, a number of exceptions to the general picture, often depending on the case inwhich the words occur.
grain. The original plural gives way to the singular in the course of
the Hellenistic period, but the plural reappears in the later Roman
period for barley, whereas wheat, for which σῖτος is then used rather than πυρός, occurs in the singular. There are, however, a number of exceptions to the general picture, often depending on the case inwhich the words occur.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
review of Reinhardt, Kommunikation und Ökonomie
Research Interests:
review of : Patrick Reinard, Kommunikation und Ökonomie. Untersuchungen zu den privaten Papyrusbriefen aus dem kaiserzeitlichen Ägypten, Pharos. Studien zur griechisch-römischen Antike 32, Leidorf-Rahden 2016, 2 Teile, 1160 pp.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
review of an edition of early Ptolemaic Demotic papyri
Research Interests:
Peu de personnes auront marqué aussi profondément la papyrologie des époques byzantine et arabe que le récipiendaire de ce volume. Aussi ses collègues et élèves ont-ils répondu sans hésiter à notre appel pour rendre hommage, à travers le... more
Peu de personnes auront marqué aussi profondément la papyrologie des époques byzantine et arabe que le récipiendaire de ce volume. Aussi ses collègues et élèves ont-ils répondu sans hésiter à notre appel pour rendre hommage, à travers le présent volume, à une œuvre dont ils se sentent tributaires et qui ne cesse de stimuler les nouvelles générations.
Jean Gascou a beau d’être l’inventeur d’un « modèle », il s’est avant tout exprimé à travers l’édition de papyrus, qu’il a toujours ressentie comme un stimulus nécessaire au développement d’une pensée ferme et rigoureuse cherchant à éviter les séductions des synthèses faciles et des rapprochements factices de données en réalité hétérogènes. Cet hommage se devait donc d’être avant tout un recueil d’éditions de papyrus. Nous avons pu tenir ce cap, même si certains collègues dont la présence était souhaitée ont préféré contribuer par un essai, sans jamais néanmoins rompre totalement les liens avec la documentation papyrologique.
Le risque d’hétérogénéité qu’encourt tout volume de mélanges est ici conjuré par l’unité thématique qui découle des limites chronologiques et géographiques que nous lui avons imposées et qui reflètent celles de l’œuvre de Jean Gascou : l’Égypte byzantine et arabe – même si quelques incursions en dehors de cette province confirment cette règle éditoriale et rappellent que notre « mélangé » s’est aussi intéressé à d’autres périodes (la fin du Haut-Empire) et à d’autres régions (notamment le Proche-Orient qu’il a fréquenté avec de plus en plus d’assiduité ces deux dernières décennies). C’est aussi la raison pour laquelle certains collègues proches de Jean Gascou, mais travaillant sur d’autres périodes, n’ont pu contribuer à ces mélanges. Nous nous excusons auprès d’eux d’avoir été d’une rigueur inflexible qui, loin d’être une entorse à l’amicitia papyrologorum, ne visait qu’à produire un ouvrage homogène qui reflète le mieux possible les préoccupations du récipiendaire.
Homogène ne veut pas forcément dire « monolingue ». On verra que toutes les langues pratiquées à grande échelle dans l’Égypte de l’Antiquité tardive et du haut Moyen-Âge y sont représentées dans toute leur diversité : grec, latin, copte, arabe. Nous avons souhaité ce mélange : il correspond aux intérêts de Jean Gascou, qui a pratiqué l’édition de papyrus dans ces quatre langues ; il acte surtout une tendance de la papyrologie qui refuse désormais tout enclavement linguistique, comme en témoignent les sessions de nos congrès consacrées à d’autres formes de papyrologie et l’émergence d’une nouvelle génération de papyrologues de plus en plus rétive à se laisser enfermer dans une documentation monolingue.
Jean Gascou a beau d’être l’inventeur d’un « modèle », il s’est avant tout exprimé à travers l’édition de papyrus, qu’il a toujours ressentie comme un stimulus nécessaire au développement d’une pensée ferme et rigoureuse cherchant à éviter les séductions des synthèses faciles et des rapprochements factices de données en réalité hétérogènes. Cet hommage se devait donc d’être avant tout un recueil d’éditions de papyrus. Nous avons pu tenir ce cap, même si certains collègues dont la présence était souhaitée ont préféré contribuer par un essai, sans jamais néanmoins rompre totalement les liens avec la documentation papyrologique.
Le risque d’hétérogénéité qu’encourt tout volume de mélanges est ici conjuré par l’unité thématique qui découle des limites chronologiques et géographiques que nous lui avons imposées et qui reflètent celles de l’œuvre de Jean Gascou : l’Égypte byzantine et arabe – même si quelques incursions en dehors de cette province confirment cette règle éditoriale et rappellent que notre « mélangé » s’est aussi intéressé à d’autres périodes (la fin du Haut-Empire) et à d’autres régions (notamment le Proche-Orient qu’il a fréquenté avec de plus en plus d’assiduité ces deux dernières décennies). C’est aussi la raison pour laquelle certains collègues proches de Jean Gascou, mais travaillant sur d’autres périodes, n’ont pu contribuer à ces mélanges. Nous nous excusons auprès d’eux d’avoir été d’une rigueur inflexible qui, loin d’être une entorse à l’amicitia papyrologorum, ne visait qu’à produire un ouvrage homogène qui reflète le mieux possible les préoccupations du récipiendaire.
Homogène ne veut pas forcément dire « monolingue ». On verra que toutes les langues pratiquées à grande échelle dans l’Égypte de l’Antiquité tardive et du haut Moyen-Âge y sont représentées dans toute leur diversité : grec, latin, copte, arabe. Nous avons souhaité ce mélange : il correspond aux intérêts de Jean Gascou, qui a pratiqué l’édition de papyrus dans ces quatre langues ; il acte surtout une tendance de la papyrologie qui refuse désormais tout enclavement linguistique, comme en témoignent les sessions de nos congrès consacrées à d’autres formes de papyrologie et l’émergence d’une nouvelle génération de papyrologues de plus en plus rétive à se laisser enfermer dans une documentation monolingue.
Research Interests:
Study of the administrative organisation of the Arsinoite nome in the third century BC. Nomarchies are replaced by toparchies and the nome is brought into line with other nomes